This study aims to determine if there are sex differences in physician burnout in the Netherlands and, if not, to explore why they are present in the United States. Separate physician surveys were conducted in the United States (n=2326) and the Netherlands (n=1426). Results show that US women experienced more burnout than US men did, but the sex difference in burnout among Dutch physicians was not significant. Gender parity in physician burnout in the Netherlands may be due to fewer work hours and greater work control of women compared to those in the United States.