This study, published in JAMA Internal Medicine, sought to assess whether depression disproportionately affects female physicians compared with male physicians during the internship year, and whether work-family conflict impacts the sex difference in depressive symptoms among training physicians. Prior to and during their internship year, interns from 44 medical institutions across all specialties reported the degree to which work responsibilities interfered with family life using the Work Family Conflict Scale and depressive symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Results indicate that women experience a greater increase in depressive symptoms compared with men during their internship year; However, when work-family conflict is accounted for, the sex disparity in depressive symptoms is reduced by more than one-third. The study suggests that interventions to alleviate conflict between work and family life may improve physician mental health and reduce the disproportionate depression disease burden for female physicians.