Scientific as well as political factors have influenced how the military has addressed the mental health needs resulting from 14 years of the the Iraq/Afghanistan wars. The U.S. Army Medical Command implemented programmatic changes to ensure delivery of high-quality standardized mental health services, making mental health care during Iraq/Afghanistan distinct: (1) the degree to which research has directly informed care and (2) the consolidated management of services. The transformation has been accompanied by reduction in psychiatric hospitalizations and improved continuity of care.