The following review examines current research on teamwork in highly dynamic domains of healthcare (operating rooms, emergency medicine, etc.) with a focus on quality and safety of patient care. Three main areas of research and findings emerged: (1) teamwork plays an important role in the causation and prevention of critical incidents and adverse events; (2) staff perceptions of teamwork, safety-relevant behavior, and leadership style are associated with staff well-being and care quality and safety; (3) teamwork behaviors related to high clinical performance involve communication, coordination, and leadership. The authors posit that the challenge is now to develop and validate instruments for team performance assessment and sound theoretical models of team performance from all three areas; the overall aim is to better improve team training efforts and aid effective design of clinical work systems.