The following article, published in JAMA, analyzes sex differences in faculty rank among 91,073 US academic physicians. Sex differences in faculty rank were linked to information on sex, age, years since residency, specialty, authored publications, NIH funding, and clinical trial investigation. Findings show that sex-differences in full professorship, number of publications, NIH grants, and number of clinical trials registered were present across all specialties and did not vary according to whether a physician’s medical school was ranked highly in terms of research funding.