In a randomized double-blind study 127 science faculty from research-intensive universities rated the application materials of a student—who was randomly assigned either a male or female name—for a laboratory manager position. Faculty participants rated the male applicant as significantly more competent and hireable than the (identical) female applicant. These participants also selected a higher starting salary and offered more career mentoring to the male applicant. These results suggest that interventions addressing faculty gender bias might advance the goal of increasing the participation of women in science.