The following study assesses the resident experience of childbearing during surgical training by conducting a self-administered 74-question survey. Results show that many strongly considered leaving surgical residency, worked an unmodified schedule until birth, and were concered that their work schedule would adversly affect their health, or the health of their unborn child. The challenges of having children during surgical residency may have significant workforce implications. A deeper understanding is critical to prevent attrition and to continue recruiting talented students.