The present study, published in Frontiers in Psychology, evaluates the associations of mindfulness and resilience with burnout features (overload, lack of development, neglect) in primary care physicians, with emotional affect potentially mediating the relationship. Mindfulness and resilience show moderately high associations. Furthermore, the analysis illustrates a link between mindfulness and overload; resilience and neglect; mindfulness and resilience, and negative affect; resilience and positive affect; negative affect and overload; positive affect and lack of development. The study utilizes the data to develop a model equation. The research advises mindfulness as a suitable intervention for preventing initial stages of burnout, resilience may be more effective for treating its advanced stages.