A national sample of dual-physician couples (n=9868) was analyzed for hours worked, age of youngest child, ages and races of each spouse, state, and time period. Results show that weekly hours worked by women with children were lower than among women without children, whereas similar differences were not observed among men. Compared with couples without children, there was no statistically significant difference in adjusted hours worked among men whose youngest child was age 1 to 2 years but hours worked were significantly lower among women.