Using a cross-sectional study, Olson and Kemper explore the relationship between potentially modifiable factors (mindfulness and self-compassion), intermediate factors (resilience and stress), and relevant outcomes (compassionate care and clinician well-being) in medical trainees. Mindfulness and self-compassion were positively associated with confidence in providing calm, compassionate care and clinician resilience and mental health. Perceived stress illustrated a strong negative correlation with all outcome measures. The findings warrant further interventional studies of mindfulness and self-compassion to determine efficient and effective training to improve mindfulness and self-compassion.