This study in JAMA Internal Medicine examined rates of burnout among US physicians compared to the general US population and examined differences by physician specialty. Researchers surveyed a large sample of US physicians from all specialty disciplines and a probability-based sample of the general US population for comparison. When assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, 45.8% of physicians reported at least 1 symptom of burnout, and substantial differences in burnout were observed by specialty, with the highest rates among physicians at the front line of care access (family medicine, general internal medicine, and emergency medicine). Physicians were more likely to have symptoms of burnout and to be dissatisfied with work-life balance relative to the general US population.