This study was intended to evaluate the health habits, routine medical care practices, and personal wellness strategies of American surgeons. It explores associations with burnout and quality of life, a common phenomenon among US surgeons that seems to adversely affect quality of care, job satisfaction, career longevity, and risk of suicide. Findings show that although many factors associated with lower risk of burnout were also associated with achieving a high overall QOL, notable differences were observed, indicating surgeons’ need to employ a broader repertoire of wellness promotion practices if they desire to move beyond neutral and achieve high well-being.