The following study investigates job-related well-being and relationship between well-being and work environment of emergency physicians in Taiwan. Forty-three reported high ratings for well-being and 40% felt neutral. Only 12.3% doctors did not intend to remain at the same position for the next 3 years. All five factors (emergency quality, emergency safety, support environment, workload, and salary and benefits) had significant correlations with each other and with well-being. Emergency safety, salary and benefits, and well-being were correlated with physician retention. The happiness indices of emergency quality, support environment, and workload were higher in regional hospitals than medical centers. Due to prevalence of heavy workloads, including high stress and even poorly met physiological needs, the authors urge hospital administrators to improve and physician well-being and retention by adjusting environmental factors.