The following is the conference proceeding of the Second Ein Debate from the 48th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Association of Paediatric Surgeons. The three main topics for debate, as prepared by the members of the CAPS Ethics Committee, are: (1) Regionalization of care: pros and cons, (2) Innovation in clinical care: ethical considerations, and (3) Surgeon well-being: caring for the caregiver. In the first discussion, arguments for and against the regionalization of pediatric surgical care are discussed, primarily in the context of a case of BA. In the debate on surgical innovation the authors define surgical innovation. They review the pertinent ethical principles, explore a model for its implementation, and the role of the institution at which the innovation is proposed. In the third section, surgeon well-being is examined, and recent literature on surgeon resiliency and burnout both at the attending and resident level is reviewed.