The following study, published in Social Science and Medicine, examines whether primary care physicians’ affective reactions to uncertainty and their job characteristics were associated with use of referrals and burnout. Consistent with past research, results showed that younger physicians had higher referral rates than older physicians, and that general internists had higher rates than either family practitioners or pediatricians. Greater stress from uncertainty, high perceived workload, and a sense of loss of control over the practice environment were associated with higher levels of burnout.