This study examines the associations of job demands and resources, home demands and resources, and work–home interferences with burnout in male and female medical residents. In females, social support from family or partner seemed protective against burnout. In males, social support from colleagues and participation in decision-making at work seemed important. Effectively handling emotional demands at work, dealing with the interference between work and home, and having opportunities for job development are the most essential factors which should be addressed. However it is important to take gender differences into consideration when implementing preventive or theraputic interventions for burnout in medical residents.